Polyploidy (Types and Application with reference to medicinal plants)- Part 2

Polyploidy- (Introduction and Causes of Polyploidy) - Part 1

Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.Polyploidy or the presence of three or more sets of genomes in an organism is one of the important phenomenon commonly found in plants.

Types of Polyploidy
Autopolyploidy
Autopolyploids are also referred to as autoploids. They contain multiple copies of the basic set of chromosomes of the same genome (Autoploids occur in nature through union of unreduced gametes and at times can be artificially induce. Natural autoploids include tetraploid crops such as alfafa, peanut, potato and coffee and triploid bananas. They occur spontaneously through the process of chromosome doubling. Such polyploids are induced through the treatment of diploids with mitotic inhibitors such as dinitroaniles and colchicines.

Allopolyploidy
Allopolyploids are also called alloploids. They are a combination of genomes from different species. They result from hybridization of two or more genomes followed by chromosome doubling or by the fusion of unreduced gametes between species.


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