- In most cases, schizophrenia is determined by delusions, paranoia, thinking disorders in all aspects of awareness and emotion Schizophrenia is a complex and chronic mental health condition characterized by a number of symptoms such as delusion, hallucinations, speech or disorganized behavior and impaired cognitive ability.
Types of schizophrenia
• Paranoid schizophrenia: In this case, a person may have certain false beliefs or delusions that an individual or group of people are plotting to harm them.
• Hebephrenic schizophrenia: This is characterized by disorganized thinking and behavior. Patients generally have incoherent and illogical thoughts and words. This can also hinder daily activities such as cooking, personal hygiene care ...
• Catatonic schizophrenia: This type may include excessive and bizarre motor behavior, sometimes called catatonic excitement.
• Simple schizophrenia: This is a mild symptom and does not show extremities. People with schizophrenia have a reduced ability to perform in society, poor hygiene and small physical and psychological problems.
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Symptoms of schizophrenia vary by patient. For some people, symptoms may develop gradually over months or years or appear very suddenly. It can also come and go during recurrence and remission cycles.
Here are a few early warning signs of schizophrenia:
• Hear or see something that is not there
• The feeling of being followed constantly
• Strange or meaningless way of saying or writing
• Feeling indifferent to very important situations
• Decline in academic or work performance
• Change personal hygiene and appearance
• Personality changes
• Withdrawal from social situations
• An unreasonable, angry or fearful reaction to a loved one
• Can not sleep or concentrate
• Unsuitable or bizarre behavior
• Extreme concern with religion or the occult
Treatment of schizophrenia
Non-pharmacological therapy
The goals of treatment for schizophrenia include symptoms that prevent relapse and increase adaptive functions so that patients can reintegrate into the community.
Because patients rarely return to the baseline level of adaptive function, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments must be used to optimize long-term results.
Pharmacotherapy is the main foundation of schizophrenia management, but the remaining symptoms may exist.
For that reason, non-surgical treatments such as psychotherapy, are also important.
Individuals with mental disorders tend to be less compliant for a number of reasons. They can deny their illness; they may experience side effects that prevent them from taking more drugs; They may not notice their need for medication, or they may have paranoid symptoms.
Patients with schizophrenia who stop taking drugs have a higher risk of recurrence, which can lead to hospitalization.
Therefore, it is important to inform patients about their disease and the risks and effectiveness of treatment.
Some psychotherapy can help educate patients about the importance of taking medications.
These initiatives include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), personal therapy and compliance therapy.
Pharmacological therapy
In most patients with schizophrenia, it is difficult to perform effective rehabilitation programs without antipsychotic drugs.
Starting drug therapy is very important, especially within 5 years after the first acute phase, as this is when most disease-related changes in the brain occur.
The prognosis of poor prognosis includes illegal use of amphetamine and other central nervous system stimulants, as well as alcohol and drug abuse. Alcohol, caffeine and nicotine are also likely to cause drug interactions.
In the case of patients with acute schizophrenia, drug treatment should be started immediately. At the beginning of treatment, appropriate dosage should be adjusted based on the patient's response.
Treatment in the acute phase of schizophrenia is followed by maintenance therapy, which aims to enhance socialization and improve self-care and mood. Maintenance therapy is needed to help prevent recurrence.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) provides a viable option for patients who do not comply with oral medications
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